Abstract

This paper explores the various synchronization schemes of multimedia events and how they are synchronized. Mostly the synchronization is based on the ECA rules [Event, Condition and Action]. When multimedia streams are presented to the user it should be synchronized, even though it is in distributed system. A distributed multimedia system involved for ECA that should be synchronized while presented to the user. Based on certain constraints like time, space and user requirements, multimedia events are also synchronized at the time of deliver on the display. User can apply their own synchronization technique that is developed for their self usage else the events itself will be synchronized automatically.

References

• Ramazan Sava Aygijn. An Integrated Framework for Interactive Multimedia Presentations in Distributed Multimedia Systems. In ACM, pages 1-581, '01 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia October 5 2001.
• Kuo-Yu Liu and Herng-Yow Chen. Exploring Media Correlation and Synchronization for Navigated Hypermedia Documents. annual ACM symposium on User interface software ACM 1-59593-044-2/05/0011 November 2005.
• Martin Hepp. Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services,IEEE Internet Computing, April 2006.
• Elina Megalou and Thanasis Hadzilacos. Semantic Abstractions In the Multimedia Domain IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, January/February 2003.
• Emilia Stoica, Hussein Abdel-Wahab and Kurt Maly. Synchronization of Multimedia Streams in Distributed Environments. ,IEEE, 0-8186-781949, 1997.
• Zhou Y. , Murata T. , 2001, Modeling and Analysis of Distributed Multimedia Synchronization by Extended Fuzzy-Timing Petri Nets, Transactions of the Society for Design and Process Science, Volume 5, Number 4, ISSN:1092-0617, pp. 23-37,December 2001.
• Y. Gao, W. -B. Wang, and J. -H. Yong, "A video summarization tool using two-level redundancy detection for personal video recorders," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. , vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 521–526, May 2008.
• J. Ayars. Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. W3CRecommendation,2001. http://www. w3. org/TR/2001/REC-smil20- 20010807.
• T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila. The semantic web. The Scientific American Journal, 2001.
• N. Kodali, C. Farkas, and D. Wijesekera. Enforcing integrity in multimedia surveillance. In IFIP 11. 5Working Conference on Integrity and Internal Controlin Information Systems, 2003
• E. Damiani, S. D. C. di Vimercati, S. Paraboschi, and P. Samarati. Securing XML documents. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1777:121–122, 2000.
• N. Kodali, C. Farkas, and D. Wijesekera. Enforcing semantic-aware security in multimedia surveillance. In Journal of Data Semantics, 2003.
• E. Damiani, S. D. C. di Vimercati, S. Paraboschi, and P. Samarati. A fine grained access control system for xml documents. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, 5, 2002.
• E. Damiani and S. D. C. di Vimercati. Securing xml based multimedia content. In 18th IFIP International Information Security Conference, 2003.
• E. Bertino, M. Braun, S. Castano, E. Ferrari, and M. Mesiti. Author-x: A java-based system for XMLdata protection. In IFIP Workshop on DatabaseSecurity, pages 15–26, 2000.
• J. Calic, D. Gibson, and N. Campbell, "Efficient layout of comic-like video summaries," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. , vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 931–936, Jul. 2007.
• P. Over, G. Awad, J. Fiscus, and A. F. Smeaton. (2010). "TRECVID 2009–Goals, tasks, data, evaluation mechanisms and metrics," [Online]. Available: http://www-nlpir. nist. gov/projects/ tvpubs/tv. pubs. org. html.
• Weiming hu, senior member, ieee, nianhua xie, li li, xianglin zeng, and stephen maybank" a survey on visual content-based video indexing and retrieval", ieee transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics—part c: applications and reviews, vol. 41, no. 6, november 2011.
• M. G. Christel, A. G. Hauptmann, W. -H. Lin, M. -Y. Chen, B. Maher,and R. V. Baron, "Exploring the utility of fast-forward surrogates for BBC rushes," in Proc. 2nd ACM TREC Video Retrieval Eval. VideoSummarization Workshop, 2008, pp. 35–39.
• W. Ren, S. Singh, M. Singh, and Y. S. Zhu, "State-of-the-art on spatiotemporal information-based video retrieval," Pattern Recognit. , vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 267–282, Feb. 2009.
• M. Wang, X. S. Hua, J. Tang, and R. Hong, "Beyond distance measurement: Constructing neighborhood similarity for video annotation," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 465–476, Apr. 2009.
• M. Bertini, A. Del Bimbo, and C. Torniai, "Automatic video annotation using ontologies extended with visual information," in Proc. ACM Int. Conf. Multimedia, Singapore, Nov. 2005, pp. 395–398.
• A. G. Hauptmann, M. Christel, and R. Yan, "Video retrieval based on semantic concepts," Proc. IEEE, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 602–622, Apr. 2008.
• J. Fan, H. Luo, and A. K. Elmagarmid, "Concept-oriented indexing of video databases: Towards semantic sensitive retrieval and browsing," IEEE Trans. Image Process. , vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 974–992,Jul. 2004.
• F. Pereira, A. Vetro, and T. Sikora, "Multimedia retrieval and delivery: Essential metadata challenges and standards," Proc. IEEE, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 721–744, Apr. 2008.
• Y. Aytar, M. Shah, and J. B. Luo, "Utilizing semantic word similarity measures for video retrieval," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recog. , Jun. 2008, pp. 1–8.