Abstract

Estimation of time delay between signals received at two spatially separated sensors has considerable practical importance in the applications like source localization, direction finding etc. , in RADAR, SONAR and other communication systems. In this paper cross correlation (CC) generalized cross correlation with phase transform (GCC-PHAT) and maximum likelihood (ML) estimation methods are used as the time delay estimation methods. Prior to the delay estimation, the received signals are de-noised by AdaBoost based EMD technique. The performance of the delay estimation is significantly degraded by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level and hence this factor has been considered as a principal factor. The simulation results of the proposed method are compared with the basic EMD as a de-noising technique at various SNR levels. The results show that the proposed method improves the resolution in the delay estimation in the noisy environment.

References

• R. J. Urick, Principles of Underwater Sound. New York: McGrawHill, 1983.
• A. Quazi, "An overview on the time delay estimate in active and passive systems for target localization," IEEE Trans. Acoust. , Speech, Signal Process. , vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 527–533, 1981.
• G. L. Turin, "Introduction to spread-spectrum antimultipath techniques and their application to urban digital radio,"Proc. IEEE, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 328–353, Mar. 1980.
• N. E. Huang, Z. Shen, S. R. Long, M. L. Wu, H. H. Shih, Q. Zheng, N. C. Yen, C. C. Tung and H. H. Liu, "The empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis," Proc. Roy. Soc London A, Vol. 454, pp. 903–995, 1998.
• Ying He, Hong He, Li Li, Yi Wu, Hongyan Pan, "The Applications and Simulation of Adaptive Filter in Noise Cancelling", International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2008.
• V. UdayShankar, "Modern Digital Signal Processing" PHI, Second Edition, Apr 2012.
• D. L. Donoho, "De-noising by Soft thresholding," IEEC Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 41,no. 3, pp:613-627,1995.
• Kusma Kumari Cheepurupalli and Raja Rajeswari Konduri, "Enhancement of Performance Measures using EMD in Noise Reduction Application" International Journal of Computer Applications, vol 70, no. 5, pp: 10-14, May 2013
• Y. Freund and R. Schapire. "A decision-theoretic generalization of on- line learning and an application to boosting", Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 55(1):119–139, 1997.
• YushiZhang and Waleed H. Abdulla "A Comparative Study of Time- Delay Estimation Techniques Using Microphone Arrays," School of Engineering Report No. 619, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, 2005
• H. Wang and P. Chu "Voice Source Localization for Automatic Camera Pointing System in Video conferenceing," IEEE Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 1 pp. 187-190, 1997
• G. C. Carter "Coherence and time delay estimation: an applied tutorial for research, development, test, and evaluation engineers", Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1993
• S. Bédard, B. Champagne and A. Stéphenne: "Effects Of Room Reverberation On Time-Delay Estimation Performance", IEEE, Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 261-264, April 1994
• Anurag Kumar, et. al. , " Speech Emotion Recognition by AdaBoost Algorithm and Feature Selection for Support Vector Machines" available in the following website: http://home. iitk. ac. in/~subhali/reports/report_iptse. pdf