Abstract

Many industries are turning to blockchain as a potential new frontier, with benefits such as increased security and transparency and decentralisation. Through the analysis of consensus mechanisms, scalability, and sector-specific implementation issues related to blockchain development, this paper presents insights from 33 studies. Despite the operational complexity, hybrid consensus models like PoW/PoS and PBFT remain useful for balancing security as well as efficiency, according to key findings. It explores scaling solutions, including sharding and off-chain approaches, as well as their tradeoffs in cross-shard communication and trust.

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