Abstract

With the rapid evolution of science and technology, web-based applications have become an integral part of everyday life, leading to significant growth in user interface design. Usability has emerged as a critical quality factor for web applications. However, many usability models proposed in the literature remain brief, informal, and lack integration. In addition, existing models often suffer from ambiguity, overlap, and inconsistency, which make them difficult to apply effectively in practice. This paper analyzes existing usability models to examine their similarities, differences, strengths, and weaknesses. Based on this analysis, a new framework called the Comprehensive Usability Model is proposed. This model integrates significant factors from various usability models and addresses the limitations of previous approaches by defining usability in a clear, consistent, and unambiguous manner. It defines usability through nine core factors: Effectiveness, Universality, Productivity, Efficiency, Accessibility, Comprehensibility, Safeness, Flexibility, and Satisfaction. Furthermore, the proposed model provides a hierarchical structured association between factors, attributes, and metrics, ensuring clarity in evaluation and minimizing redundancy. While not yet empirically validated, the model serves as a conceptual guideline for usability experts, developers, and researchers. It offers practical support for evaluating the usability of web applications and provides a solid foundation for future empirical studies in usability engineering.

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