Abstract

Energy efficiency, network lifetime, data transmission, end-to-end delay, reliable routing protocols for mobility centric and mobility of Cluster Head are the major parameters used for wireless sensor network (WSN), and are maintained by various of protocols. Existing cluster-based mobile routing protocols such as LEACH, LEACH-Mobile, LEACH-Mobile Enhanced, CBR-Mobile, LFCP-MWSN consider energy efficiency of sensor node. These protocols allocate the extra timeslots using time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme to accommodate nodes that enter a cluster because of mobility and thus increase the end-to-end delay. In this study a new ILFCP-MWSN protocol is proposed based on mobility of the cluster head. The results revealed that ILFCP-MWSN protocol is more efficient in terms of Energy Consumptions, Remaining Energy and Approximate Number of Data Transmissions than those of the existing LEACH-M, LEACH-ME, LFCP-MWSN protocols.

References

• Awwad, S.A.B., Ng, C.K., Noordin, N.K., Rasid, M.F.A., “Cluster based routing protocol for mobile nodes in wireless sensor network”, International Conference on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (CTS), pp. 233–241, 2009.
• Durresia, A., Paruchuri, V., Barolli, L., “Clustering protocol for sensor networks”,20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), Vol. 2, 2006.
• Kumar, G.S., Vinu , M.V., Athithan, P.G., Jacob, K.P., “Routing protocol enhancement for handling node mobility in wireless sensor networks”, IEEE Region Conference, 2009.
• Zheng, G.-p., Zhou, Y., “An energy-aware cluster protocol for wireless sensor networks”, Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC) , Vol. 7, N0. 10, pp. 473–473, 2012.
• Huang, B., Hao, F., Zhu, H., Tanabe, Y., Baba, T., “Low-energy static clustering scheme for wireless sensor network”, International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2006.
• Bajaber, F., Awan, I., “Dynamic/static clustering protocol for wireless sensor network”, Second UKSIM European Symp. on Computer Modeling and Simulation IEEE, Vol. 8, pp. 524–529, 2008.
• Kim, D.-S., Chung, Y.-J., “Self-organization routing protocol supporting mobile nodes for wireless sensor network”, First International Multi-Symp. On Computer and Computational Sciences, pp. 221-234, 2006.
• L.Karim, N.Nasser, “Reliable location-aware routing protocol for mobile wireless sensor network”, International Conference on the Institution of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 14, pp. 2149-2150, 2012.
• SeemaBandyopadhyay and Edward J. Coyle, “An Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Region Conference, pp. 1713-1723, 2003.
• I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci , “Wireless sensor networks: a survey”, Elsevier Science B.V., Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 393-422, 2002.
• Li Qing, Qingxin Zhu, Mingwen Wang, “Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks”, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, pp. 2230-2237, 2006.
• Wendi B. Heinzelman,Anantha P. Chandrakasan, and HariBalakrishnan, “An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks”, IEEE transaction on wireless communications, Vol. 1, NO. 4, pp. 660-670, 2002.
• Shashidhar Rao Gandham, MilindDawande, Ravi Prakashand S. Venkatesan, “Energy Efficient Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Mobile Base Stations” , IEEE Conference, pp. 377-381, 2003.
• KisukKweon, HojinGhim, Jaeyoung Hong and Hyunsoo Yoon, “Grid-Based Energy-Efficient Routing from Multiple Sources to Multiple Mobile Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Conference, pp. 1-5, 2009.
• G. J. Pottie and W. J. Kaiser, “Wireless Integrated Network Sensors”, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp 51-58, 2000.
• B. Warneke, M. Last, B. Liebowitz, Kristofer and S. J. Pister, “Smart Dust: Communicating with a Cubic-Millimeter Computer”, Computer Magazine, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp 44-51, 2001.
• J. M. Kahn, R. H. Katz and K. S. J. Pister, “Next Century Challenges: Mobile Networking for Smart Dust”, In the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 99), pp. 271-278, 1999.
• V. Hsu, J. M. Kahn, and K. S. J. Pister, "Wireless Communications for Smart Dust", Electronics Research Laboratory Technical Memorandum M98/2 Conference, 1998.
• S.K. Singh, M.P. Singh, and D.K. Singh, “A survey of Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Advanced Networking and Application (IJANA), Vol. 02, No. 02, pp.570–580, 2010.
• S.K. Singh, M.P. Singh, and D.K. Singh, "Energy-efficient Homogeneous Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network", International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN), Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 49-61, 2010.
• Jamal Al-Karaki, and Ahmed E. Kamal, “Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey“, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol 11, No. 6, pp. 6-28, 2004.
• Kemal Akkaya and Mohamed Younis, “A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks”, Ad hoc Networks, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 325-349, 2005.
• N. Bulusu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, “GPS-less Low Cost Outdoor Localization for Very Small Devices”, IEEE Personal Communication Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 28-34, 2000.
• B. Nath and D. Niculescu, "Routing on a curve", ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Vol. 33, No.1, pp. 155-160, 2003.
• V. Rodoplu and T. H. Meng, "Minimum energy mobile wireless networks", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 1333-1344,1999.
• J. Kulik, W. Heinzelman, and H. Balakrishnan, "Negotiation-based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks", Wireless Networks, Vol. 8, No. 2/3, pp. 169-185, 2002.
• C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, and F. Silva, "Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 11., No. 1, pp. 2-16, 2003.
• A. Savvides, C-C Han, aind M. Srivastava,\Dynamic ¯ne-grained localization in Ad-Hoc networks of sensors," Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) Conference, pp.166-179,2001.
• S. Capkun, M. Hamdi, J. Hubaux,"GPS-free positioning in mobile ad-hoc networks", Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 3481-3490, 2001.
• Y. Xu, J. Heidemann, D. Estrin,\Geography-informed Energy Conservation for Ad-hoc Routing," In Proceedings of the Seventh Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 70-84, 2001.
• S. Lindsey, C. S. Raghavendra, and K. M. Sivalingam, "Data gathering algorithms in sensor networks using energy metrics", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 13, No. 9, pp. 924-935, 2002.
• M. Chu, H. Haussecker, and F. Zhao, "Scalable information-driven sensor querying and routing for ad hoc heterogeneous sensor networks", International Journal of High Performance ComputingApplications, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 293-313,2002.
• AnkitaJoshi , Lakshmi Priya.M, “A Survey of Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network”, MES Journal of Technology and Management Conference, pp. 67-71, 2004.
• Shio Kumar Singh, M P Singh, and D K Singh, “Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks –A Survey”, International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey (IJCSES) Vol.1, No.2, 2010.
• Shital Y. Agrawal, Prof. C. M. Raut, “A Survey on Location Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Network”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, No. 9, 2013.
• Ravinder Kaur, Dr.Trilok Chand Aseri, “Routing Protocols for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks”,International Journal of Software and Web Sciences (IJSWS) in Conference, pp. 31-35, 2013.